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General Information:
The total stream of Georgian rivers are - 65,8 km3 . On
average on 1 km2 is formed 820 thousand km3 of the
water per year. In West Georgia 1340 thousand m3 on 1 km2,
in East Georgia - 37- thousand m3 on 1 km2. On one
resident in West Georgia comes 19 thousand m3 on 1 square km,
in East Georgia 5 thousand m3, so nearly less than four
times. In West Georgia on each level of the development of industry
satisfy the nature stream. In East Georgia by the 201 in the drought
years the water resources will be used or 75%, that can be followed by
hard ecological results. |
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© ICFER River
Tskhenistskali |
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Drinking water supply
Here are about 1600 water-supplies functioning providing with drinking water
population of towns and rural regions. A total of 620 mln.m3 of
drinking water is given to population every year.
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Largest rivers: Mtkvari (
188000 km2), river Chorokhi (22130 km2), river Rioni
(13900 km2), river Alazani (12000 km2).The largest rivers
about the water are: Rioni (12,6 km3 per year), Mtkvari (7,2 km3
per year), Chorokhi ( 8,9 km3 per year), Inguri (5,9 km3
per year), Kodori (4,1 km3 per year), Alazani ( 3,1 km3
per year)
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© ICFER
r. Mtkvari |
© ICFER
r. Chorokhi |
© ICFER Enguri P/ S |
© ICFER
Mashavera |
© ICFER
r.Rioni |
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Municipal sewerage
It is the dominant polluter of
surface water by organic compounds (BOD), nitrogen and phosphate compounds.
The following rivers are most polluted
by municipal sewerage:
the Rioni river down Kutaisi city and within the Poti town
limits; the Black Sea at the coastline of Ajara and Abkhazia.
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The hot spots of
industrial
discharges:
River Kvirila is
polluted by oil products and manganese ions (ferrous metal industry);
the Rioni river
and its tributary
the Ogaskura river down Kutaisi city are polluted by oil products,
zinc and copper ions (chemical industry, chemical-mining industry,
mechanical engineering industry, electrical industry); the
Tkibula river down Tkibuli town is polluted by suspended solids
(coal-mining industry); the Lukhumi river (Ambrolauri region) is
polluted by arsenic ions (chemical-mining industry); -the Kubistskali
river.
The amount
of water used by the industry has always been relatively small compared to
domestic use, and due to the economic crises decreased from a total of 1,542
million m3/year in 1985 to an estimated 258 million m3/year
by 1996.
Monitoring
There is a dense hydro meteorological monitoring system which covers all surface
waters in Georgia operated by Hydro meteorological Department. Now this
Department is part of the Ministry of Environment.
Because of financial and economical
difficulties the data of surface water monitoring is very poor .
There exists a dense hydrometeorological monitoring
system which covers all surface waters in Georgia operated by the
Hydrometeorological Department, Ministry of Environment. In the past,
surface water quality was measured at 91 stations and at 133 sampling
locations. Hydrometeorological samples in the Mtkvari river basin were taken
from 31 river-locations, 5 lakes and reservoirs, in the Black Sea basin from
43 river-locations, 1 lake and 1 reservoir.
Standardized analysis of water samples on 56
physiochemical parameters has been established in 1976. The information
output of these stations has been poor for the last four years. In 1994-1996
samples were taken only from 15 sampling locations. Regular sampling takes
place within the city-limits of Tbilisi and Kutaisi only.
Bacteriological monitoring is carried out by the
Ministry of Health, where a different observation network is used.
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References:
NBSSAP, NEAP,
Hydrometeorological Department of the Ministry of Environment, ICFER
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©International
Center for Environmental Research |
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